ข้อสอบGED Science ชุดที่ 2
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#1. Which structure in plant cells is responsible for carrying out photosynthesis using sunlight?
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight to drive the synthesis of glucose during photosynthesis.
#2. What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores and transmits the genetic instructions needed for the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms.
#3. In a food web, organisms that obtain energy by breaking down dead organic matter are called:
Decomposers (like fungi and bacteria) break down dead plants and animals, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
#4. Which type of cellular division results in four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells used in sexual reproduction?
Meiosis produces four daughter cells with half the original chromosome number (haploid), generating gametes (sperm and egg cells).
#5. A disease-causing micro-organism such as a virus or bacterium is generally referred to as a:
A pathogen is an organism or biological agent that causes disease in its host.
#6. What is the main function of the respiratory system in humans?
The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange: bringing oxygen into the bloodstream and removing carbon dioxide waste.
#7. What is the pH range of an acidic solution at 25°C?
Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH greater than 7 is basic (alkaline).
#8. Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another?
The Law of Conservation of Energy (First Law of Thermodynamics) states that total energy in an isolated system remains constant.
#9. An object has a mass of 10 kg and moves at a constant velocity. What is the net force acting on the object according to Newton’s First Law?
Newton’s First Law states that an object moving at a constant velocity experiences zero net external force (acceleration = 0).
#10. What subatomic particle carries a negative electrical charge and orbits the atomic nucleus?
Electrons carry a negative charge (-1) and occupy orbitals surrounding the positively charged nucleus.
#11. Which type of wave requires a physical medium (like air or water) to travel through?
Mechanical waves, such as sound waves, require a physical medium to transmit energy, whereas electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.
#12. In a covalent bond, atoms achieve stability by:
A covalent bond forms when two nonmetal atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons to achieve full outer electron shells.
#13. Which geological process forms igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and crystallizes, either underground (intrusive) or on Earth’s surface (extrusive).
#14. At what type of plate boundary do tectonic plates slide horizontally past one another, often causing earthquakes?
At transform boundaries (e.g., San Andreas Fault), plates slide horizontally past each other, accumulating stress that releases as earthquakes.
#15. Which greenhouse gas is primarily released by burning fossil fuels and contributes significantly to global climate change?
Combustion of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), a key greenhouse gas that traps thermal energy in Earth’s atmosphere.
#16. What phenomenon causes the ocean tides on Earth?
Ocean tides are caused by the gravitational forces exerted on Earth by the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun.
#17. What is the renewable energy source that harnesses heat stored beneath Earth’s surface?
Geothermal energy utilizes heat from Earth’s interior to produce steam and generate electricity.
#18. In a scientific experiment, why is it important to keep control variables constant?
Controlling variables ensures a fair test, isolating the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
#19. A graph shows a straight line sloping upward from left to right when plotting distance versus time for a moving vehicle. What does the constant slope represent?
On a distance-versus-time graph, the slope represents speed (speed = distance / time). A straight line indicates a constant slope and constant speed.
#20. When evaluating a scientific claim, which of the following provides the strongest evidence?
Peer-reviewed, reproducible experimental data provides rigorous scientific evidence that minimizes bias and errors.