ข้อสอบGED Science ชุดที่ 3

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and delivers it to body tissues.

Osmosis is the passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane toward higher solute concentrations.

Primary consumers feed on producers (plants/algae). An increase in primary consumers leads to increased consumption and a decrease in producer population.

All offspring from an AA x aa cross inherit one dominant allele (Aa genotype) and will 100% express the dominant phenotype.

The skeletal system provides the framework, bones, and joints that muscles pull against to produce movement.

A mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene or chromosome.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules; as temperature increases, gas molecules move faster and their kinetic energy increases.

Ionic bonds form when one or more valence electrons are completely transferred from a metal (forming a positive ion) to a nonmetal (forming a negative ion).

Weight is calculated using $W = mg = 5 text{ kg} times 9.8 text{ m/s}^2 = 49 text{ N}$.

The atomic nucleus contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons (collectively called nucleons).

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water (e.g., $text{HCl} + text{NaOH} rightarrow text{NaCl} + text{H}_2text{O}$).

Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies (and highest energy) in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Earth’s Inner Core is a dense, solid sphere composed primarily of iron and nickel due to immense pressure.

Metamorphic rocks form when heat and pressure alter the mineralogy, texture, or chemical composition of existing rock.

Transpiration is the release of water vapor from plant stomata into the atmosphere.

Nitrogen (N₂) makes up roughly 78% of Earth’s atmosphere, followed by oxygen (O₂) at about 21%.

Subduction occurs at convergent boundaries where denser oceanic lithosphere slides under a less dense plate into the mantle.

The dependent variable is the outcome measured by the experimenter (plant growth/height) in response to the independent variable (fertilizer).

Peer review allows independent domain experts to critique research design, logic, statistical validity, and clarity prior to publication.

Since density $d = m / V$, at constant volume, mass and density are directly proportional (as mass increases, density increases linearly).